Premium Research Grade Stem Cells

Research Grade
P1 and P2 Stem Cells

We set our priority on achieving high standards in research works. With that in mind, we produce premium grade research stem cells. All our stem cells are harvested during Passage 1 and Passage 2.

What are Stem cells?

Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can self-renew indefinitely and that can also differentiate into more mature cells with specialized functions.[1] Stem cells are distinguished from other cell types by two important characteristics. First, they are unspecialized cells capable of renewing themselves through cell division, sometimes after long periods of inactivity. Second, under certain physiologic or experimental conditions, they can be induced to become tissue-or organ-specific cells with special functions. In humans, stem cells have been identified in the inner cell mass of the early embryo; in some tissues of the fetus, the umbilical cord and placenta; and in several adult organs. In some adult organs, stem cells can give rise to more than one specialized cell type within that organ (for example, neural stem cells give rise to three cell types found in the brain neurons, glial cells, and astrocytes). Stem cells that are able to differentiate into cell types beyond those of the tissues in which they normally reside are said to exhibit plasticity. When a stem cell is found to give rise to multiple tissue types associated with different organs, the stem cell is referred to as multipotent.
Our premium research grade stem cells are limited and pre-order details are required. For more information please contact us at info@cytonexlab.com

Pros and Cons of Using Various Stem Cells [3]

Embryonic Stem
Advantages
Disadvantages
Ethical Concerns
  • Can maintain and grow for 1 year or more in culture
  • Established protocols for maintenance in culture
  • ESCs are pluripotent cells that can generate most cell types
  • By studying ESCs, more can be learned about the process of development
  • Process to generate ESC lines is inefficient
  • Unsure whether they would be rejected if used in transplants.
  • Therapies using ESC avenues are largely new and much more research and testing is needed If used directly from the ESC undifferentiated culture prep for tissue transplants, they can cause tumors (teratomas) or cancer development
  • To acquire the inner cell mass the embryo is destroyed
  • Risk to female donors being consented
Adult Stem
Advantages
Disadvantages
Ethical Concerns
  • Trans differentiate and and reprogramming of these cells is possible but is not well studied
  • Thought to be less likely to be rejected if used in transplants Success has already been demonstrated in various clinical applications
  • Limitations on ASC ability to differentiate are still uncertain; currently thought to be multi or unipotent
  • Cannot be grown for long periods of time in culture
  • Usually a very small number in each tissue making them difficult to find and purify
  • No major ethical concerns have been raised
iPSCs Stem
Advantages
Disadvantages
Ethical Concerns
  • Abundant somatic cells of donor can be used
  • Issues of histocompatibility with donor/recipient transplants can be avoided
  • Very useful for drug development and developmental studies Information learned from the “reprogramming” process may be transferable for in vivo therapies to reprogram damaged or diseased cells/tissues
  • Methods for ensured reproducibility and maintenance, as differentiated tissues are not certain.
  • Viruses are currently used to introduce embryonic genes and has been shown to cause cancers in mouse studies
  • iPS cells have the potential to become embryos if exposed to the right conditions

Various Source and Efficacy of MSCs

Dental Pulp (deciduous)
Donor’s Age
Efficacy
6-12 years
The parameters induced by SHED in treating diabetic wounds are an increase in antioxidants level, reduction of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, accumulation of hydroxyproline, augmented expressions of the Hsp70 marker, promotion of the angiogenesis process through expression of wound repair genes, greater collagen deposition, and fewer inflammatory cells. [4]
Dental Pulp (permanent)
Donor’s Age
Efficacy
16 to > 66
DPSCs derived from the senior group show a low proliferative ability, leading us to presume that if used for several in vitro passages they would exert a low regenerative ability. [5]
Adipose
Donor’s Age
Efficacy
25-66 years
Results of the current study indicated that aged MSCs displayed senescent features when compared with cells isolated from young donors. The results demonstrated that the growth kinetics and the osteogenic and chondrogenic potentials of AT-MSCs were adversely affected by increased donor age. [6]
Wharton's jelly stem cell (Umbilical Cord)
Donor’s Age
Efficacy
0 years
Results of the current study indicated that aged MSCs displayed senescent features when compared with cells isolated from young donors. The results demonstrated that the growth kinetics and the osteogenic and chondrogenic potentials of AT-MSCs were adversely affected by increased donor age. [7]
*Donor’s age on the proliferation capacity of mesenchymal stem cells isolated that is shown to be correlated to a decrease in clonogenicity. In other words, advancing age negatively impacts stem cell function and such age related alterations may be detrimental for successful stem cell therapies.

Safety Efficacy

Basically, MSCs could exert widespread immunomodulatory effects on cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system. MSCs inhibit immune cells proliferation and maturation and suppress immune reactions both in vitro and in vivo in a non-MHC restricted manner. Thus, MSCs are considered to be hypoimmunogenic, displaying low expression levels of HLA class I, no expression of HLA class II, and no expression of costimulatory molecules, including CD40, CD80, and CD86. Ex-vivo expanded MSCs have also been showed to suppress the activity of a broad range of immune cells, including T cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), B cells, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and so on.

Clinical Trials using Stem Cells for Skin Wound Healing [4]

Clinical Trial Identification
Status
Disease Indications
Investigational Drug/Study
Patients Enrolled
Route of Injection
Sponsor
PMID:22340556
Completed (2012)
Patients with refractory wound/randomized control trial
Combination therapy with alginate dressing and mouse epidermal growth factor
18
Tropical
Dept. of orthopedics Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
PMID:21649569
Completed (2011)
Critical limb ischemia (CLI)
Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell injection
20
Intramuscular
Faculty of medicine, Cairo University
NCT00616980
Completed (2011)
Critical Limb Ischemia
Autologous plasma/ Phase I & II
28
Injection
Northwestern University, USA
NCT01115634
Completed (2010)
Facial deformities
Autologous fibroblast transplantation/ Phase II/III
40
Injection
Royan Institute, Iran
PMID:17518741
Completed (2007)
Acute wound from skin cancer surgery and nonhealing lower extremity wound
Autologous bone marrow
13
Tropical
Roger Williams Medical Center, USA
PMID:19224912
Completed (2006)
Refractory lateral epicondylitis
Skin dermal fibroblasts
12
Injection
Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, UK

References

  1. Committee on the Biological and Biomedical Applications of Stem Cell Research, Commission on Life Sciences National Research Council. (2002). Stem cells and the future of regenerative medicine. USA: National Academy of Sciences.

  2. National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2016). NIH Stem Cell Information Home Page. Stem Cell Information. Retrieved October 4, 2017 from https://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/1.htm

  3. University of Nebraska Medical Center. (2016). What are Stem Cells?. STEM CELLS. Retrieved October 4, 2017 from https://www.unmc.edu/stemcells/stemcells/#pros

  4. Jayaraman, P. (2016). Efficacy of dental pulp stem cells from deciduous teeth in treating diabetic wounds (PhD thesis). University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Retrieved October 16, 2017 from http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/7388/6/PUKANA_JAYARAMAN_Redacted.pdf

  5. Bressan E, Ferroni L, Gardin C, Pinton P, Stellini E, et al. (2012) Donor Age-Related Biological Properties of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Change in Nanostructured Scaffolds. PLoS ONE 7(11): e49146. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049146

  6. Choudhery, M. S., Badowski, M., Muise, A., Pierce, J., & Harris, D. T. (2014). Donor age negatively impacts adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell expansion and differentiation. Journal of Translational Medicine 12:8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5876-12-8

  7. Liu, X.B., P. Zheng, X.D. Wang, G.H. Dai, H.B. Cheng, Z. Zhang, R.R. Hua, X.X. Niu, J. Shi and Y.H. An. (2013). A preliminary evaluation of efficacy and safety of Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Stem Cell Research & Therapy 5:57. https://doi.org/10.1186/scrt446

  8. Zhao, Q.J., H.Y. Ren, Z.C. Han. (2016). Mesenchymal stem cells: Immunomodulatory capability and clinical potential in immune diseases. Journal of Cellular Immunotherapy 2: 3-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocit.2014.12.001